中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
去年首次公开募股融资继续维持高位 资本市场有力支持实体经济发展****** 去年首次公开募股融资继续维持高位—— 资本市场有力支持实体经济发展 本报记者 马春阳 2022年,受多重因素影响,全球多数股市呈现震荡下行,首次公开募股(IPO)活动明显放缓。相反,我国资本市场展现出强大韧性,A股IPO募资额不降反升,有力支持了实体经济发展。展望今年,随着全面实行股票发行注册制改革正式启动,A股吸引力有望进一步增强。业内人士预计,今年IPO有望延续强劲势头,为科创企业和新兴产业注入金融活水。 募资额度表现强劲 Wind数据显示,2022年A股IPO上市企业达到428家(含吸收合并及转板上市),合计融资额达到5869.66亿元,IPO融资额已连续3年突破4000亿元。相比于全球IPO市场的“黯淡”,A股IPO市场表现可谓一枝独秀,不论是上市数量还是募资额均远超全球其他资本市场。 专家认为,中国经济的韧性和活力、注册制改革持续推进,是推动A股市场IPO取得亮眼“成绩单”的关键因素。清华大学五道口金融学院副院长田轩认为,2022年A股IPO市场融资的强劲表现,也得益于我国积极采取货币政策、财政政策进行总量和结构性调控,为经济稳步复苏提供了有力保障。 “一方面,从流动性角度来看,去年3月份以来,美联储开启加息周期,全球多国也紧跟美联储步伐,导致全球流动性严重收紧,海外IPO呈现下滑态势。在海外流动性大幅收紧的背景下,国内流动性保持合理充裕,为企业IPO融资提供了良好的货币金融环境。另一方面,IPO持续升温也与国内资本市场建设愈发完善密切相关。随着注册制的推进和相关配套制度的完善,企业上市流程极大优化,IPO效率得到大幅提升。”川财证券研究所所长陈雳说。 “我国资本市场也采取了一系列改革举措,为企业IPO上市创造了良好条件。”田轩表示,例如,我国不断优化IPO发行定价和监管制度,加快完善退市机制和配套制度,进一步完善上市公司市场竞争形态、内部管理结构、风险管控等,市场整体运行环境更为稳定。 助力科创企业融资 剖析“成绩单”可以发现,科创板和创业板是IPO的主力军。按数量计算,创业板以150家领跑所有板块,占全年A股IPO的35%;科创板以124家紧随其后,占全年A股IPO的29%。 从融资额看,科创板和创业板的IPO融资额占全年A股总融资额七成以上,在去年A股前十大IPO融资中,有7家来自科创板。 “科创板和创业板先后试点注册制,意味着入口端手续简化,企业能否上市发行的决策权由市场决定。同时,随着多层次资本市场加快建设,两个板块定位更加清晰,对上市企业的包容度更大,上市效率大幅提升。”田轩表示。 从行业来看,2022年A股IPO企业主要来自工业及材料、信息技术及电信服务、医疗和医药、消费等行业。“科创板、创业板设立了多元包容的发行上市条件,允许未盈利企业、特殊股权结构企业、红筹企业上市,契合了科技创新企业的特点和融资需求。”田轩认为,两个板块融资额的提升将在助力创新型企业发展方面发挥更大作用,进一步提升企业创新活力,为高新技术企业、战略性新兴产业企业和成长型创新创业企业提供强有力的融资支持。 陈雳表示,工业及材料、信息技术及电信服务等行业IPO力度较大,充分体现了资本市场对科技创新企业及新兴产业的支持。“当前,资本市场对于国家重点产业的支持力度不断加大,引导更多资源流向符合国家战略的产业、科技产业、新兴产业,对于推动重点战略产业的发展,有效推动实体经济发展都具有现实作用。”陈雳说。 IPO规模有望维持高位 2月1日,全面实行股票发行注册制改革正式启动。在业内人士看来,这将有助于提高我国资本市场直接融资的质量和效率,推动更多新经济企业登陆资本市场,今年A股IPO市场仍有望维持强劲势头。 田轩表示,今年资本市场注册制改革实现全覆盖,相关配套制度如交易机制、退市程序、权益保障机制等也将持续完善,在加强区域性股权市场、新三板与北交所、科创板、创业板等市场联动上也将进一步发力,优化中小微企业直接融资通道。在此背景下,各市场板块互联互通、错位发展的格局将加快形成,市场运行环境将更加稳健,上市发行效率将进一步提升,A股IPO将保持增长态势。 对于全面注册制正式实施后可能受益的行业,粤开证券研究院首席策略分析师陈梦洁说:“符合国家战略发展方向的高成长行业有望得到政策支持。借鉴科创板、创业板等注册制经验来看,当前注册制股票中约有96%的股票属于战略性新兴产业。预计未来全面注册制将高度围绕国家战略发展方向,聚焦新一代信息技术、高端装备制造、生物医疗、新能源、数字创意产业等九大战略性新兴产业,解决‘卡脖子’问题。” (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |